Metodologi Tafsir Gender: Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Husein Muhammad
The Methodology of Gender Interpretation: A Critical Study of Husein Muhammad's Thought
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/jios.v2i1.42Keywords:
Tafsir, Contextual, Hermeneutics, Historical Criticism, Gender EqualityAbstract
This article aims to explore and criticize the gender interpretation methodology used by Husein Muhammad, especially in interpreting Qur'anic verses related to women. For Husein, the Qur'an cannot be separated from the historical aspects of 7th century Arab society. This is evidenced by the fact that the Qur'an has reasons for the revelation of verses, as well as the periods of Makkah and Madinah. Therefore, the method of historical criticism based on hermeneutics must be applied in understanding the Qur'an. Husein applied this method and elaborated it into four other methods; maqāshid-based interpretation method, socio-historical aspect analysis method, language analysis method, and causality aspect study method. From there, an understanding of the verse is born in accordance with the concept of gender equality. The results of this study show that Hussein's hermeneutic cannot be applied to the Qur'an, because hermeneutics was born in the Western-Christian tradition motivated by their disappointment with the Bibles, while the Qur'an does not have such a history. Moreover, hermeneutics is based on doubt, whereas Qur'anic exegesis is based on faith. Hermeneutics views the Bible as an unholy text, while the Qur'an is kept sacred and authentic.
References
Abu Al-Sa’ud, ‘Athiyat. Falsafah Al-Tārikh ‘inda Vico. Alexandria: Mansya’ah al-Ma’ārif, 1997.
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. Mafhūm Al-Nash Dirāsah Fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Markaz al-Tsaqāfī al-‘Arabī, 2014.
———. Naqd Al-Khithāb al-Dīnī. Kairo: Sīnā, 1994.
Al-Anshari, Ibnu Manzhur. Lisān al-‘Arab. Beirut: Dār Shādr, 1414 H.
Al-Asfahani, Al-Raghib. Mufradāt Alfāzh Al-Qur`ān. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 2009.
———. Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1412 H.
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Isma’il. Al-Jāmi’ Al-Musnad Shaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Edited by Muhammad Zahir Nasir bin Nasir Al-Nasir. Beirut: Dār al-Thauq, 1422.
Al-Buthi, Muhammad Sa’id Ramdhan. Dhawābith Al-Mashlaḥah Fī al-Syarī’ah al-Islāmiyyah. Damaskus: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1973.
Alfasi, ‘Ilal. Maqāshid Al-Syarī’ah al-Islāmiyyah wa Makārimuhā. Kairo: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1993.
Al-Ghazali, Muhammad bin Muhammad. Al-Mushtashfā. Edited by Muhammad Abdussalam Abdussyafi. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1993.
———. Al-Mushtashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushūl, Tahkik: Muhammad Sulaiman al-Asyqar, Jilid I. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risālah, 1417 H/1997 M.
Al-Hasyimi, Ahmad. Jawāhir Al-Balāghah Fī al-Ma’ānī Wa al-Bayān Wa al-Badī’. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Ashriyyah, 1999.
Al-Jauziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. I’lām al-Muwaqqi’īn ‘an Rabb al-‘Ālamīn. Edited by Muhammad Abdussalam Ibrahim. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991.
Al-Najjar, Abdul Majid. Khilāfah Al-Insān bayna al-‘Aql wa al-Waḥyi. Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1993.
Al-Syathibi, Ibrahim bin Musa. Al-I’tishām. Kairo: Dār Ibn ‘Affān, 1992.
———. Al-Muwāfaqāt. Edited by Abu ‘Ubaid Mashhur bin Hasan Ali Salman. Kairo: Dār Ibn ‘Affān, 1997.
———. Al-Muwāfaqāt, Jilid II. ‘Aqrabiyyah: Dār al-‘Affān, 1997.
Al-Syafi’i, Muhammad bin Idris. Al-Risālah. Edited by Ahmad Syakir. Beirut: Maktabah al-Halabī, 1940.
Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah bin Mushthafa. Al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-‘Aqīdah wa al-Syarī’ah wa al-Manhaj. Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Arif, Syamsuddin. Orientalis Dan Diabolisme Pemikiran. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2008.
Arkoun, Mohammed. The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought. London: Saqi Books, 2002.
Arnas, Adnin. Metodologi Bibel Dalam Studi Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2005.
Baidowi, Ahmad. Tafsir Feminis: Kajian Perempuan Dalam Al-Qur’an Dan Para Mufasir Kontemporer. Bandung: Nuansa Cendekia, 2005.
Bleicher, Josef. Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique. London, Boston and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982. https://doi.org/10.2307/589940.
Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: A Touchstone Book, 1987.
Muhammad Khatib Dimasyq, Al-Īdhaḥ fī ‘Ulūm al-Balāghah. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl, n.d.
Gray, Edward Mcqueen. Old Testament Criticism a Historical Sketch. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1923.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/biblical-criticism. Diakses pada 05-11-2023 pukul 22.44 WIB.
Ibn Katsir, Isma’il. Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān al-‘Azhīm. Edited by Sami bin Muhammad Salamah. Beirut: Dār Thayyibah, 1999.
‘Imarah, Muhammad. Syubhāt ḥawla al-Islām. Kairo: Dār Nahdhah, 2002.
Karim, Taufiq Abdullah & M. Rusli. Metodologi Penelitian Agama: Sebuah Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Tiara Kencana, 1989.
Khalaf, Abdul Wahab. ‘Ilm Usūl al-Fiqh. Mesir: Maktabah Da’wah, n.d.
Mas’ud, Jubran. Al-Ra`id. Beirut: Dār al-‘Ilm li al-Malāyīn, 1992.
Megawangi, Ratna. Membiarkan Berbeda: Sudut Pandang Baru Tentang Relasi Gender. Bandung: Mizan, 1999.
Muhammad, Husein. Fiqh Perempuan: Refleksi Kiai Atas Tafsir Wacana Agama Dan Gender. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2019.
———. Islam Agama Ramah Perempuan. Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2009.
———. Modul Kursus Islam Dan Gender: Dawroh Fiqh Perempuan. Cirebon: Fahmina Institut, 2007.
Mushthafa, Ibrahim. et.al. Al-Mu’jam al-Wasīth. Beirut: Dār al-Da’wah, n.d.
Rahman, Fazlur. Islam Dan Modernitas. Bandung: Pustaka, 1985.
Syafrin, Nirwan. “Konstruksi Epistemologi Islam: Telaah Bidang Fikih Dan Usul Fikih.” In Framework Studi Islam: Kajian Multidisiplin Wacana Keislaman Kontemporer, edited by Harda Armayanto. Ponorogo: Centre for Islamic and Occidental Studies (CIOS), 2021.
Umar, Nasarudin. Argumen Kesetaraan Jender Perspektif Perempuan. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, 2010.
‘Umar, Ahmad Mukhtar Abdul Hamid. Mu’jam al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Mu’āshirah. Beirut: ‘Ālam al-Kutub, 2008.
Wadud, Amina. Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Zarkasyi, Hamid Fahmy, Henri Shalahuddin, Harda Armayanto, and Mohd Fauzi Hamat. “The Impact of Postmodernism on the Thought of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (IMIs).” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC) 13, no. 2 (2023): 30–47. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.132.03.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
